Showing posts with label sustainable tourism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sustainable tourism. Show all posts

Monday, July 3, 2017

Scientific Tourism in Estación Biológica Laguna de Apoyo

For the second time in a week, Estación Biológica Laguna de Apoyo has received reportage in the edition 3 July, 2017 of El Nuevo Diario. Our research station is a point of participation for the protection of Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve, through activities in scientific research, environmental education, and conservation activities. Click on the link above and take a look!

scuba dive Nicaragua
GAIA scientist Jeffrey McCrary conducts underwater monitoring in Laguna de Apoyo. Photo Garey Knop.

How to make a center for research, conservation, and education work, we have found, is not easy. We often are in debt, but we carry on. There are plenty of gratifying moments and activities for all of us, which is why we continue. We get to help in small ways to cure nature of the ills caused by humans, through rescue of wild animals, planting and caring for trees, recycling, organizing, educating, coordinating with communities and the government, studying the issues facing the continued protection of the area, and developing policy recommendations. One of the many examples of our success is found in the long list of publications in which we have been involved.

A few areas in which we have worked are mentioned in the cited article. We were involved in getting motorboats and jet skis off the lake permanently. This has been a great advance in the protection of the nature inside the lake, and also makes for a much more pleasant and safe experience for all. Boats have meant ugly noises and danger from constant encroachment onto the spaces of swimmers. Everyone, except the few boaters, are glad they are gone. There are plenty of places to take motorboats, such as Lake Nicaragua, so all people win by the elimination of motorboats from Laguna de Apoyo.

Laguna de Apoyo
The chancho cichlid, Amphilophus chancho, is one of five fish species from Laguna de Apoyo discovered in studies coordinated by GAIA. Photo Adrianus Konings.
Our group has discovered five species of fish that are only found in Laguna de Apoyo. All of these species are descendants of the parent fish of the so-called Midas cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus). Research coordinated by GAIA demonstrated that the five species in Laguna de Apoyo are genetically distinct from forms in all the other natural areas inhabited by the Midas cichlid.

Scuba divers can join us in monitoring activities on the fish populations in the lake. We are the only approved dive center in Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve, and we conduct all our activities in cooperation with the local municipal authorities, MINSA, MARENA, and INTUR.

GAIA maintains the costs of operation of Estación Biológica Laguna de Apoyo through visits, donations, sales of lunch and coffee, hostel stay, and training activities such as intensive Spanish courses. We hope you visit us and get to know what we do. Please come by or write us.

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Tuesday, May 28, 2013

Birdwatching in Nicaragua-Video of El Porvenir Trip 2013

birding in Nicaragua
Blue-crowned Motmot - known in Nicaragua as the Guardabarranco. Click on picture to see video! Photo by Max Schellekens.
More than 700 bird species have been documented in Nicaragua to date. Our staff member Jeffrey McCrary, a scientist research birds in Laguna de Apoyo and other parts of Nicaragua, accompanied a group of birdwatchers organized by El Porvenir in a trip earlier this year, where they saw about half of them in just over a week of birdwatching. Click on the Blue-crowned Motmot to see a half-hour video about the trip.
Birding Nicaragua
Among the more common hummingbirds in the western region of Nicaragua is Salvin's Emerald, Chlorostilbon canivetii. Photo Max Schellekens.

birding Nicaragua
A Salvin's Emerald doing what hummingbirds do best. Photo Max Schellekens.
Contact us if you would like a birdwatching guide. We can arrange a birdwatching tour of Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve or other locations in Nicaragua.
Nicaragua birds
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Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Dive Laguna de Apoyo

Most tropical lakes have dark water, but a few, like Laguna de Apoyo, make for excellent SCUBA diving. This lake is sitting in a volcanic crater, formed 23,000 years ago. Our research group is busy here, studying the fishes of this lake, because something interesting happened during those years since the volcano left a huge hole in the ground, it filled with water, and the fish entered. Some of them transformed into new species, and they provide scientists with a great field location to consider how evolution occurs. We are responding to the call to study these fascinating fish, all evolved from Amphilophus citrinellus, the Midas cichlid.

Midas cichlid
Juvenile fishes leave their refuge to investigate divers in their area. Photo by Garey Knop.
Our group has discovered five new species in this group of fishes in Lake Apoyo. Adding to the list the arrow cichlid, Amphilophus zaliosus, discovered by Barlow and Munsey in 1976, and we have to date, a group of six closely related fishes with similar appearances, plus an unknown number of other fish that may also be recognized someday as unique species. Several of those fish are seen in the video below, taken by Garey Knop in one of our monitoring dives.

The fish of this special group are important for more reasons than just for having evolved recently into a rainbow of new species. The members of this species group provide very interesting parental care to their offspring, until the babies are several weeks old. We are very interested in how these special fish choose their mates, find their breeding grounds, and defend their fry. Here is another video by Garey Knop, in which a pair of arrow cichlids (Amphilophus zaliosus) are defending their fry, only three days since becoming free-swimming. The fry are difficult to see, but there are about 1200 of them, usually beneath the female (the smaller of the parents).
This breeding pair has made a nesting site in a featureless area, with filamentous algae covering the muddy/sandy substrate. The pair dug a hole about 80 cm wide to uncover a basalt rock surface where the eggs were deposited and fertilized. The nearest nest to this one was about ten meters away. Relatively few fish passed through the area, excepting the harmless Atherinella sardina (silversides). Both parents were busy, vigorously defending the fry. During our half hour watching the pair, the fry boldly approached us, and some of them fed on the skin on the photographer's hand! 

laguna de apoyo
Garey feels at home underwater. Lake Apoyo does not have dangerous fish or currents. Photo by Garey Knop.
Dive Nicaragua
Lots of blind fish are found in Lake Apoyo. A parasite is suspected, although the eyes are removed by other fishes once the fish go blind. The epidermis of this fish has covered the orbit after the eye was extracted. This fish has several slash marks caused by other fishes in their attempts to bite the eyes. Photo by Garey Knop.
This blind fish shows the eye clouded by cataract. The opposite eye had already been eaten by other fish. Note the caudal fin missing a large piece, presumably eaten by some predator. Photo by Garey Knop. 
laguna de apoyo
Crabs (Potamocarcinus nicaraguensis) are common in Lake Apoyo. Photo by Garey Knop.
In a typical monitoring dive, we see about a thousand fish. Almost every dive we see a crab.  From November through January, lots of fish are reproducing, and we can watch them provide parental care up close. Lake Apoyo has the clearest and cleanest water of any lake in Central America.

Dive Nicaragua
We gather data from the best perspective, watching the fish from a few meters distance. Photo by Garey Knop.
Would you like to help us study these fishes? If you are a certified open water diver, you can accompany our staff on a monitoring dive, and help us learn more about these fascinating fish to protect them better. Please let us know-we will take you on a dive.
scuba diving
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Tuesday, April 24, 2012

Ceramic pottery of San Juan de Oriente

Over 180 potter families live and produce ceramic pottery in San Juan de Oriente. Anyone from this town, on the edge of the Apoyo volcanic crater, can boast of talent at the potter's wheel. The students at Apoyo Spanish School visited a potter family at this town recently and here are some photos from their visit. 
Apoyo Spanish School
Clay from near the Apoyo volcano is prepared and then thrown to make ceramic pottery shapes by hand on a foot-driven potter's wheel. Photo by Corky Peavy. 
The majority of the artisan potters in San Juan de Oriente work in homeworker enterprises, with members of the family occupying different jobs in the business which is located on the property of the family home. High quality clay is found near the town for making the pottery. The products are fired using low-quality fuelwood, from softer tree species or wood that has partially rotted, that burns fast. The ceramic pottery-making traditions in this area date from before the arrival of Europeans. Ceramic pottery is found throughout the area whenever excavations are performed, dating back as far as one thousand, five hundred years ago. 

Nicaragua Spanish School
After bringing the wheel to speed, the potter begins to manipulate the clay, first removing any air pockets. Photo by Corky Peavy. 
This town was once known as San Juan de los Platos. In those days, most people ate from rustic fired ceramic plates known as comales, which were not even fired in ovens, but instead they were fired in bonfires of stacked pieces of wood with the plates inside. The plates didn't last long, but they were cheap and easily obtained. As comales were replaced by porcelain plates, the town switched its focus to improved techniques and decorative pieces. During the 1980's, efforts at improving the quality of the pottery resulted in excellent artisan reproductions of precolombian pieces, and worldwide recognition of the skills of this group of potter families.

Apoyo Spanish School
Within minutes, the potter has the clay at the appropriate conditions and begins to fashion the base of his desired clay object. Photo by Corky Peavy.
Apoyo Spanish School
As the ceramic object takes form, the potter continues to add water to the clay. Photo by Corky Peavy.
Nicaragua Spanish School
A barrel shape emerges on the wheel. Photo by Corky Peavy.
Apoyo Spanish School
The potter widens the midsection of the clay object, once the clay has become easily handled. Photo by Corky Peavy.
Apoyo Spanish School
A thin-necked vase, based on a "tinaja" motif, is now ready to dry slowly in fresh air, then be fired. Photo by Corky Peavy.   
Spanish school
Plates are drying in air, soon ready to be etched, painted, then fired. Photo by Corky Peavy.
Apoyo Spanish School
Duilio explains the ceramic finishing process to students of Apoyo Spanish School. Photo by Corky Peavy.

Apoyo Spanish School
Ceramic pottery is still fired the "old fashioned way", in rustic kilns using firewood. Photo by Corky Peavy. 
Apoyo Spanish School
An artisan potter shows off his firing kiln as fired pieces are being removed from it. Photo by Belen Camino.
Learning Spanish means more than grammar and vocabulary. The students of Apoyo Spanish School learn about the lives of ordinary Nicaraguans and the cultural traditions that penetrate their lives. Ceramic pottery making is one of those traditions that forms the livelihood of hundreds of individuals in the area around us. All Nicaraguans value these traditions by keeping ceramic items in their homes. Students of Apoyo Spanish School have the opportunity to meet families with a centuries-old heritage of this craft, and learn from them how these traditions are part of their cultural identity.

Apoyo Spanish School
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Sunday, August 24, 2008

Sustainability and Ecotourism-an editorial

This article appeared in El Nuevo Diario 24 August, 2008.

24 de agosto del 2008

| END

La sostenibilidad y el ecoturismo

Jeffrey McCrary, Ph.D.* | Opinión

Cuando pienso en el turismo de naturaleza, entre muchos buenos lugares con buenos proyectos, me llaman la atención tres lugares, por ser muy buenos ejemplos de NO hacer un turismo sostenible y amigable con la naturaleza: Acapulco, de México, porque destruyeron un sitio de anidación de tortugas para construir hoteles sin ningún sentido, contaminando el aire, con luces que ahuyentaron las tortugas, y las aguas, con desechos que destruyeron; Lago Atitlán, de Guatemala, por sus horribles construcciones altas, su agua contaminada y su nefasta segregación entre ricos y pobres; Coatepeque, de El Salvador, que hubiera podido ser casi tan bonito como nuestra bella Laguna de Apoyo, pero, prácticamente, se ha ido todo el bosque en la fiebre de lotificar. A pesar de que fueron lugares de enorme potencial turístico, éste ha sido destruido por la mala planificación y gestión entre los inversionistas, las comunidades y los gobiernos. La triste realidad es que en nuestro mundo hay más malos ejemplos que buenos, de turismos que en el nombre de “eco” abusan a la naturaleza y a las culturas locales.

Hay un cuarto caso que vale contemplar también, el de una zona de belleza natural increíble, con el templo maya más pintoresco que he tenido el placer de conocer: Tulum, en la península del Yucatán. El agua azul del Mar Caribe llega hasta muy cerca de los cimientos del templo. Recientemente, la fiebre de especulación turística ha brotado ahí, trayendo varios autollamados “eco” albergues. El gobierno de México, al que nadie acusaría de ser de izquierda, ha clausurado a algunos de estos negocios “eco” en Tulum, por no acatar a las leyes en su gestión, entre ellas, leyes ambientales y derechos a uso de zonas costeras.

Un pilar central en el desarrollo sostenible del ecoturismo en el país es la gobernabilidad. No se puede desarrollar el “eco” turismo sin controlar los usos bajo leyes. En este país, el factor faltante de mayor importancia para el desarrollo del ecoturismo es una garantía de aplicación de las leyes en forma pareja. Es vital que un gobierno actúe beligerantemente con los pocos inversionistas que no apoyan las leyes ambientales, y no solamente para proteger los derechos de la mayoría, que son casuales “usadores” de la laguna, sino también para proteger los derechos de los inversionistas que quieren actuar bien y a favor del medioambiente, contra los pocos que tienen otros intereses. El inversionista que busca oportunidades en ecoturismo requiere la aplicación de leyes, por ende, no viene a un sitio donde las leyes no existen o no se acatan. Es una lección recientemente aprendida en un país que ha sido la mera cuna de “laissez-faire” gobierno, y sería una buena lección para Nicaragua si aprendemos con tiempo.

Hay varias personas en la Laguna de Apoyo con empresas interesantes, entre ellas hay una señora extranjera que lucha infatigablemente a favor de la laguna y siempre manifiesta buenas intenciones frente el ambiente y la ley. Su ejemplo amerita mención porque su negocio parece ser rentable y sostenible. Sería triste verle a ella perjudicada por las huellas ambientales de otros. Por otro lado, hay inversionistas en la Laguna de Apoyo que pretenden usar sus pasaportes extranjeros y sus promesas de inversión y empleo para dejar a un lado las leyes ambientales y derechos del público.

A nadie le gusta una intervención como romperle una construcción. Tampoco se amerita la polémica contra el gobierno que algunos han utilizado, haciendo referencias a turbas, porque todos sabemos que no tiene nada que ver. Todos los inversionistas y residentes en la Laguna de Apoyo saben que los treinta metros desde la costa son de dominio público, y que ese día llegaba, más bien temprano que tarde. Si hay pecadores aquí en este cuadro, pero no muchos santos. Los muelles, piscinas, ranchos, toldos y otros, construidos cerca de la costa, con poca o ninguna excepción, se han hecho sin los permisos adecuados, y en muchos casos para excluir el público de la costa y cobrar a los “cheles” para su uso, lo que es un pecado cardinal en este país. Incluso, hay gente que utiliza Internet y las agencias de bienes raíces para vender lotes que llegan hasta la costa, en plena violación de la Ley de Delitos Ambientales, la Ley de Aguas y la Ley General del Ambiente.

Lanzar una caza de brujas entre los diferentes sectores involucrados, sobre quién es el más culpable, no alcanzaría ningún objetivo bueno. Yo propongo que nosotros, dentro la sociedad civil, con interés en esta bella laguna, hagamos un “pacto” sin distinción partidaria: que cada persona con intereses en la Laguna de Apoyo se comprometa públicamente a acatar todas las leyes ambientales desde un inicio. Esta propuesta ya he llevado a varias personas, con algún éxito. A quién pertenece la zona costera y quien tiene potestad de acción y coacción debe decidirlo la ley, pero existe la duda sobre este compromiso desde todos los lados.

Otro punto sobre el que debemos de coincidir todos en un “pacto” es en el que vale la pena salvar la laguna de Apoyo. Para algunos es nada más que bienes raíces; para otros es un sitio mágico, por su bello paisaje y sus aguas cristalinas, por su naturaleza, por sus leyendas y tradiciones. Mucha gente y yo estamos dispuestos a sacrificar mucho en términos personales para asegurar que nuestros nietos la disfruten. Quienes no desean trabajar mano a mano con las leyes ambientales en Nicaragua pueden vender sus “inversiones” a quienes sí desean impulsar verdaderos proyectos “eco”, a como lo estipulan la Ley General del Ambiente y su Reglamento de Áreas Protegidas. Por favor, inversionistas, dueños y propietarios, vecindarios y visitantes, personas interesadas en el buen desarrollo ambiental en Nicaragua: hagamos lo mejor para esta laguna y no para el beneficio de pocos. Levantemos la voz a favor de ella y a favor de las leyes ambientales en este país.

*Biólogo
ecotourism in Nicaragua
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